![]() ![]() Therefore, it is the actual process of migration and not the establishment of the carnivores in Denmark that constitutes a risk. Both countries lack wolf and jackal populations ( 9). reticulatus ticks are established in the southern United Kingdom, and recently, also in the Netherlands. ![]() reticulatus ticks are spreading rapidly through Europe, and changes in the environment, climate, or both seem to be favorable to the establishment of this tick in areas not previously supporting populations of the species ( 8). Even if these migrations do not result in the establishment of a new carnivore population, Denmark has high fox and deer densities in the forests, as well as farm animals grazing on pastures, that can support tick species such as D. This migration may facilitate the spread of vectors and zoonotic pathogens into new regions. The surge of large carnivores, reaching countries in northern Europe from breeding areas in central Europe, is a recent development that appears to be caused by reduced hunting resulting from effective wildlife protection ( 1, 7). We deposited the sequences we obtained into GenBank (accession nos. reticulatus ticks by real-time PCR are provided in the Table. The specific primers used for gene amplification and sequencing of bacteria identified from D. strain Khabarovsk T (CSUR R3 T, ATCC VR-1596 T) ( 6). A BLAST search ( ) identified the ompB gene as 100% and the ompA and gltA genes as 99% identical to the genome sequence of the type strain of Rickettsia raoultii sp. For the remaining 14 samples, we sequenced the ompA gene. To identify the species, we PCR amplified the ompA, ompB, and gltA genes for a subset of 4 samples and sequenced them as previously described ( 4, 5). however, the specific Rickettsia species was not among the 4 species included in the PCR. One tick contained Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and 18 ticks contained SFG Rickettsia spp. PCR confirmed the morphologic characterization: all the ticks collected from the jackal were D. Tick DNA was extracted as previously described ( 3). helvetica, as well as confirmation of 4 tick species, including D. This assay enables simultaneous detection of 37 European tickborne pathogens, including the spotted fever group (SFG) Rickettsia, and specifically the species R. We screened the ticks and a blood sample from the jackal for tickborne pathogens by using a high-throughput real-time PCR ( 2). During necropsy, we collected 21 male Dermacentor reticulatus ticks, a species that had not previously been reported among wildlife in Denmark. In February 2017, the wildlife service delivered the body of a golden jackal from Western Jutland, >200 km north of the DenmarkâGermany border, to the National Veterinary Institute (Lyngby, Denmark).
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